Nexus between trade and environmental quality in sub-saharan Africa: Evidence from panel GMM

Environmental sustainability is a burning fact worldwide, especially in developing nations. Equitable economic development, environmental protection, energy efficiency and security have been placed at the apex of discussant policy formulation. This paper establishes relationship between trade quality Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Following Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, we investigate existence an inverted U-shape correlation income per capita growth nitrous oxide (N 2 O), agricultural methane (ACH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions to ascertain presence EKC. We also analyze how variables, growth, intensity, foreign direct investment, human capital, CO are related. The results show that significantly increases N O, ACH , for overall sample SSA its groups [Upper-Middle-Income Countries (UMIC), Lower-Middle-Income (LMIC), Low-Income (LIC)] using panel GMM. concludes reducing feasible future as shown by EKC, has consistently negative impact on environment countries, regardless wealth level. On note, study suggested domestic liberalization ownership economy play detrimental role, thus industrialization ensure security.